Lisbon is often called the “City of Seven Hills.” Featured in tales, poems, and songs that praise the city, these hills are more than just elevations. Exploring them is a fascinating way to immerse yourself in the essence of Lisbon. The viewpoints they offer provide incredible vistas of the Tagus River and the city, while hosting a rich collection of historical landmarks. From monasteries and churches to monuments, each hill reveals more about the history and charm that make Lisbon so special.
The designation “City of Seven Hills,” steeped in history and symbolism, dates back to the Roman era. Much like Rome, famed for its seven hills, the Romans who occupied the region identified and associated this geographical feature with Lisbon, creating a symbolic connection between the two cities.
The Link to Rome
During Roman rule, Lisbon was called Felicitas Julia Olisipo. Its hills held special significance, as in Roman urban planning, they were often associated with strategic protection and political and religious organization. The hills provided a natural defensive advantage and were ideal locations for building temples, villas, and fortifications. In Lisbon’s case, the terrain was also valued for its visibility, as the hills allowed expansive views of the territory and the Tagus River, which was essential for trade and navigation.
But what exactly are the seven hills of Lisbon? What role do they play in the city’s identity, and how do they connect to the history and geography of Portugal’s capital?
Friar Nicolau de Oliveira and the Consolidation of the “Seven Hills”
The concept of the seven hills was definitively shaped in the 17th century, thanks to the work of Friar Nicolau de Oliveira. In his book Livro das Grandezas de Lisboa, published in 1620, he described the city and its unique features, highlighting the seven hills as an essential part of its identity. Influenced by biblical and Roman symbolism, Friar Nicolau identified the hills that make up the traditional list: Castelo, São Vicente, Sant’Ana, Santo André, Chagas, Santa Catarina, and Estrela.
The Seven Hills of Lisbon
São Roque Hill
São Roque Hill encompasses parts of Bairro Alto and Príncipe Real. It is considered one of Lisbon’s highest points and is home to the famous São Pedro de Alcântara Viewpoint, renowned for its panoramic views of many city landmarks. From the top, you can admire Lisbon’s characteristic houses, orange-tiled rooftops, and iconic monuments such as São Jorge Castle, Lisbon Cathedral, and the Tagus River in the background. During sunset, the area becomes even more enchanting.
The viewpoint, created in the 19th century as a classical-style garden, offers a tranquil retreat amidst the hustle and bustle of Bairro Alto. The area is surrounded by bars, cafés, and restaurants, allowing visitors to extend their experience with a meal or drink while enjoying the unique atmosphere.
Also noteworthy on São Roque Hill is São Roque Church, built in the 16th century, which stands as one of the city’s most important historical landmarks. Its richly decorated interior and the Chapel of St. John the Baptist, considered one of the most expensive and exquisite chapels ever constructed, are highlights. Adjacent to the church is the São Roque Museum, a cultural space housed in part of the former Professed House of the Society of Jesus. The museum, inaugurated in 1905, boasts an impressive collection of sacred art and liturgical objects, many of which belonged to the Jesuits who occupied the site until their expulsion from Portugal in the 18th century.
São Jorge Hill: The Cradle of Lisbon
São Jorge Hill is perhaps the most significant in Lisbon, known for hosting the majestic São Jorge Castle, one of the city’s most visited landmarks. This hill is considered the cradle of Lisbon, as history and legend suggest that the first settlement that gave rise to the Portuguese capital was established here. Its strategic location, offering wide views over the Tagus River and surrounding areas, was crucial to its occupation since ancient times.
In addition to the castle, which dates back to the medieval period and is a symbol of the region’s Moorish presence, the hill is also home to part of the Alfama neighborhood, famous for its narrow streets, traditional tiles, and fado music. Highlights include viewpoints offering spectacular vistas of Baixa Pombalina, Lisbon Cathedral, and the Tagus River, making them perfect spots for admiring the city.
Notable among these are the Santa Luzia Viewpoint and the Portas do Sol Viewpoint, situated side by side. The Santa Luzia Viewpoint is known for its charming garden with pergolas covered in bougainvillea, fountains, and tiled panels depicting historical moments in Lisbon, such as the conquest of São Jorge Castle. This spot is ideal for relaxing and enjoying the scenery, with a panoramic view of Alfama, showcasing its traditional rooftops, Lisbon Cathedral, and the Tagus River in the background. Meanwhile, the Portas do Sol Viewpoint offers an equally impressive view and vibrant atmosphere, surrounded by cafés and restaurants with terraces. Both viewpoints provide a magical perspective of the hill while you enjoy coffee, wine, or a refreshing beer.
São Vicente Hill
São Vicente Hill also includes part of the Alfama neighborhood. It is famous for hosting the São Vicente de Fora Monastery. Founded in the 16th century, this monastery is an example of Mannerist architecture in Portugal and houses a rich collection of tiles and the Pantheon of the House of Braganza, where several Portuguese kings are buried. At the foot of the hill, in Campo de Santa Clara, you’ll find the Feira da Ladra, a flea market that attracts locals and tourists in search of unique finds.
Santo André Hill
Located in the Graça and Mouraria neighborhoods, Santo André Hill is known for its viewpoints and tranquil atmosphere, making it an ideal destination for those seeking to explore the city away from the hustle of more touristy areas while still immersing themselves in its rich history and culture. Highlights include the Senhora do Monte Viewpoint, one of Lisbon’s highest and most romantic spots. From here, you can enjoy views of São Jorge Castle, Baixa Pombalina, the Tagus River, and even the 25th of April Bridge. Nearby, the Graça Viewpoint offers a similarly charming ambiance with terraces and cafés perfect for relaxing while taking in the scenery.
The hill is also home to historical churches such as Graça Church, an example of Baroque architecture that is a landmark in the area. Its streets are adorned with typical houses, staircases, and small alleys that invite leisurely walks full of discoveries.
Santa Catarina Hill
Stretching from Largo de Camões to Calçada do Combro, Santa Catarina Hill is part of the Misericórdia neighborhood. It is home to the Santa Catarina Viewpoint, better known as “Adamastor.” This is a favorite spot for locals to relax and watch the sunset, with privileged views of the Tagus River. The site features a statue of Adamastor—a mythical figure from Portuguese literature—paying homage to the adventurous spirit of Portuguese navigators.
Santa Catarina Hill is also characterized by picturesque streets filled with traditional houses, cafés, and small bars that create a welcoming atmosphere. Its proximity to Bairro Alto and Chiado makes it a strategic point for exploring other areas of the city.
Chagas Hill
Close to Largo do Carmo, Chagas Hill is home to major tourist attractions, such as the Carmo Convent and the Santa Justa Elevator, landmarks that offer a visual and historical connection to other parts of the city. This monumental complex is a testament to Lisbon’s resilience, especially after the 1755 earthquake. Beyond its historical value, Chagas Hill is known for its charming streets, such as Rua das Chagas, and its proximity to Rossio and Chiado.
Sant’Ana Hill
Located in the central area of the city, Sant’Ana Hill covers parts of the Arroios parish and is close to the Anjos and Pena neighborhoods. Less frequented by tourists compared to other hills, it has a discreet charm and a rich history associated with health and religion. Historically, the hill was an important medical center in Lisbon. After the 1755 earthquake, several hospitals were established here, including São José Hospital, which still operates today. It was also a site of significant religious devotion, housing churches and convents such as Nossa Senhora da Pena Church, dating back to the 16th century. Sant’Ana Hill is known for its narrow streets and peaceful slopes, like the Torel Steps, and for the Torel Viewpoint, a little-known green space with views of the city.
The Meaning of the Seven Hills Today
While the concept of seven hills is more symbolic than geographically precise—since Lisbon has more elevations than those mentioned—it remains a vital part of the city’s cultural identity. The hills represent not only Lisbon’s unique topography but also its history, spirituality, and resilience. They have shaped the city’s urbanism and contributed to the distribution of its various neighborhoods.
About CAP International
If you are looking for a home in Lisbon or want to invest in a city that combines history and modernity, CAP International is here to help you find the perfect property. With expertise in the Portuguese real estate market, we offer personalized service to those looking to make the most of everything Lisbon has to offer. Contact us today and chat with me on WhatsApp: +351 91 252 9806 (Bruna Barros).